In almost every organ system in the body during pregnancy and occurs in a variety of changes.Due to the weight of both the expectant mother and the baby and the baby his wife adds itself in the increase of oil, an increase in blood volume and the breast, gain weight due to growth in the womb.
- Increases water retention in the mother's body during pregnancy.
- Increases blood volume. It will increase blood volume of approximately 1500 ml, 1200 ml of plasma it consists of erythrocytes up to 300 ml. dilutional anemia occurs because more increased plasma. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decrease.
- Blood triglycerides and total cholesterol during pregnancy, HDL, LDL, VLDL and free fatty acids is increased.
- Becomes compensated with increased iron and nutrient needs, they require additional iron pills.
- Normally a woman pregnant with a 3.5 liter blood volume increases up to about 5 liters.
- White blood cells in the blood during pregnancy (WBC) will increase. Leukocyte-induced increase in neutrophils, lymphocytes change.
- Platelet levels are reduced.
- Such as sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein is elevated acute phase reactants. Sedimentation parameters primarily responsible for the increase is the increase of fibrinogen.
- During pregnancy the immune system (humoral and cellular immunity) is suppressed so it is still suppressed.
- Coagulation in the blood during pregnancy that increases the clotting tendency.
- Heart rate during pregnancy was 10 beats / min increases. The amount of blood pumped by the heart increases.
- Expands the rib cage during pregnancy, the diaphragm rises.
- Urinary small amount of glucose (sugar) that is disposed of glycosuria is normal during pregnancy.
- The uterus (womb) and his pressure due to the influence of the hormone progesterone in your urine because (ureters) expansion may occur.
- Increases daily output of urine, frequent urination occurs.
- Gum hypertrophy (epulis) and bleeding may occur.
- Hemorrhoids during pregnancy (piles) may increase.
- Increases the risk of gallstones.
- Slope increases in lumbar section of the spine (lordosis).
- Pelvic (pelvis), loosening of the joints occurs.
- Increased tidal volume and residual volume in the lungs during pregnancy decreases.
- Glomerular filtration rate.
- Plasma creatinine decreases.
- Plasma urea decreases.
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased physiological.
- PPIase the total protein and albumin decreases. Total globulin increases.
- The level of bilirubin in the maternal serum pregnancy decreases, increases bile acids.
- Liver enzyme levels in maternal serum during pregnancy (ALT, AST) is reduced.
- Reduce intraocular pressure in pregnancy. corneal thickness may increase due to edema.
- Bicarbonate threshold during pregnancy decreases the blood level drops (to compensate for respiratory alkalosis)
- Increased lipolytic activity in adipose tissue in pregnancy
- Lipoprotein lipase activity in the liver is reduced.
- The uterus (womb) size in the last month of pregnancy has volume up to 5 liters. The weight of the uterus in the near term birth reaches about 1000 grams.
- Usually in the first trimester of pregnancy in blood pressure (especially diastolic pressure) is monitored fall, rise again to pre-pregnancy levels in recent months. During birth, the rise in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure monitoring.
- Heart rate and cardiac output increases during pregnancy, it shows further increase during birth. First and hardens third heart sounds. systolic murmur heard diastolic murmur may be normal, but always pathologic edilmelir in pregnancy.
- ECG left axis deviation seen the light.
- Pregnancy is a slight increase in kidney size. Glomerular filtration rate. Maternal serum urea, creatinine, uric acid levels are reduced. Creatinine clearance is increased.
- Increases the volume of urine per day.
- Ureter in genişmel be underestimated (especially right)
- Reduced serum total calcium levels during pregnancy but free calcium level does not change. Urinary calcium excretion increases.
- In maternal plasma during pregnancy sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels fall.
- Respiratory rate does not change during pregnancy. total lung capacity and residual capacity increase due to the diaphragm is reduced. Ventilatory minute volume increases. Lung change, but total lung compliance and airway resistance decreases transmission increases.
- Arterial PCO 2 is decreased slightly during pregnancy, compensated respiratory alkalosis occurs. HCO3 (bicarbonate) is reduced. Plasma pH is increased slightly, the alkalinity.
- Blood pH increased hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve shifted to the left, the mother increases the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin.
- Decrease in stomach acid secretion and mucus secretion increases during pregnancy, so patients with peptic ulcers improvement is seen during pregnancy.
- In the chest with a burning stomach contents come back toward the mouth of pyrosis (heartburn, reflux of pregnancy) may occur.
- Slight growth observed in the pituitary gland during pregnancy.
- Increased total T3 and T4 in pregnancy, free T3 and T4 will not change (thyroid hormones). TRH and TSH change. T3 resin uptake is decreased.
- Increased cortisone hormone levels during pregnancy.
- Physiological hyperparathyroidism occurs. Dihydroxy vitamin D3, calcitonin and 1.25 levels increases.
- Increases testosterone and androstenedione. DHEA-sulfate is reduced.
- Estrogen and progesterone levels in maternal serum increases. FSH and LH is suppressed due to this increase. estrogen increased the most E3 (estriol), respectively, but still at a level E2 (estradiol) may not exceed the levels of E2 are located at the highest level. estrogen levels in at least E4 (estetrol), respectively.
- Pregnancy blood colloid oncotic pressure is reduced.
- Hemoconcentration occurs during pregnancy.
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